Research on Visual Pose Detection Method for Bridge Prestressed Corrugated Pipes Using SC-YOLOv11

During the fabrication of prestressed concrete beams, the quality and positional accuracy of the laid corrugated ducts (or prestressing ducts) directly influence the load-bearing capacity and durability of the beams. However, traditional manual inspection is inefficient, highly subjective, and difficult to achieve full coverage. To address this problem, this paper proposes an automated detection method that integrates improved YOLOv11-based pose estimation, robust curve fitting, and image stitching techniques. The method automatically identifies duct positions and evaluates laying quality. By incorporating the SE channel attention mechanism and the SPPFCSPC multi-scale pooling module, the SC-YOLOv11 model is developed, which significantly enhances the detection accuracy of slender corrugated pipe key points in environments with dense rebar occlusion. The RANSAC algorithm is employed to fit curves to the predicted key points, effectively suppressing the influence of outliers. Furthermore, the SIFT algorithm is used for precise stitching of drone-captured segmented images, which are then transformed into a unified front orthographic coordinate system of the entire box girder via perspective transformation, enabling accurate reconstruction of the corrected 2D layout of corrugated ducts across the full beam. Ablation experiments using 5-fold cross-validation demonstrate that SC-YOLOv11 improves mAP50 and mAP50–95 by 2.6% and 1.2%, respectively, with statistical significance (paired t-test, p < 0.01). The model achieves a per-image inference time of 6.37 ms, with 4.34 M parameters and 8.1 GFLOPs, meeting real-time requirements. In a 30 m prefabricated box girder field application, the measured section trajectory fitting curves of the corrugated ducts were compared with the design alignment, successfully identifying two abnormal locations where the laying deviation exceeded the allowable threshold. Cross-validation with on-site inspector records shows that over 92% of the measurement points agree within ±10 mm. This method achieves a fully automated analysis chain from key point detection and curve fitting to deviation quantification, providing an efficient, non-contact, and traceable intelligent tool for quality control of bridge prestressed systems.