Research on the Development and Evolution of Multi-Source Fusion Navigation Technology

In response to the application limitations of single-source navigation systems for their susceptibility to interference, insufficient positioning accuracy and limited scenario adaptability in complex environments, as well as the increasingly complex demands for high-precision, high-robustness, all-weather and all-scenario navigation services in fields such as the low-altitude economy, intelligent driving and specialized operations, multi-source fusion navigation technology is accelerating its evolution. This manuscript systematically reviews the development trajectory from reliance on a single navigation system to multi-source intelligent integrated navigation, dividing it into the following four evolutionary stages: single-system dominance, loose-tight coupling, deep integration and intelligent ubiquitous navigation stage. It focuses on a comparative analysis of the core characteristics, fusion modes, key technological breakthroughs, and practical limitations and bottlenecks of multi-source fusion technologies at each stage, with the aim of providing comprehensive reference for technological research and development, solution design and industrial implementation in related fields.