DOI: 10.11648/j.sr.20261404.23 ISSN: 2329-0927

Research on Structural Safety Assessment of High-Speed Railway Tunnels Based on Partial Least Squares Regression

Hao Zhengchuan
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Aiming at the problems of multicollinearity among multi-source monitoring indicators, insufficient modeling accuracy with small samples and strong subjectivity of traditional evaluation methods during the long-term operation of high-speed railway tunnels, a quantitative evaluation method for structural safety of high-speed railway tunnels based on partial least squares (PLS) regression is proposed. Six core monitoring indicators, including settlement displacement and horizontal displacement of tunnel lining and track, crack width and water seepage, are selected to establish the evaluation system, and the structural degradation index DI is defined to characterize the degradation degree of tunnel lining. Combining PLS with the variable importance in projection (VIP) criterion, a four-step modeling framework consisting of standardization, principal component extraction, coefficient solution and degradation index prediction is constructed. Component decomposition is adopted to reduce redundant correlation between indicators and improve the generalization ability of the model under small sample conditions. A high-speed railway tunnel in Southwest China is taken as a case for verification. The results show that the PLS model can effectively integrate multi-source monitoring data, quantify the degradation level of tunnel lining, accurately identify sections with severe diseases, and dynamically reflect the long-term evolution trend of structures. It provides quantitative technical support for structural health assessment, disease early warning and monitoring system optimization of mountain high-speed railway tunnels during operation.

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