Research on serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 mechanisms in malignant tumor development and progression

SHMT2 (serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2) is a pivotal enzyme in cellular metabolism and is closely associated with the initiation and progression of malignant tumors, garnering significant attention in cancer research and therapy. Aberrant expression of SHMT2 has been observed in various cancers, correlating with tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. Functionally, SHMT2 participates in one-carbon metabolism, supplying methyl donors and biosynthetic precursors to support tumor cell proliferation. Additionally, it modulates redox homeostasis, promoting cancer cell survival and progression. SHMT2 also interacts with key signaling pathways, including JAK2/STAT3 and Akt/mTOR, thereby influencing tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which SHMT2 contributes to tumorigenesis may provide critical insights for precision diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognostic evaluationin oncology.