Requirements of BS EN 1997 (2024 and 2025)

Changes of the second generation of BS EN 1997 (2024 and 2025) from the first generation of BS EN 1997-1:2004 are discussed. The geotechnical complexity class is used more in BS EN 1997-2 (BSI 2024b) to propose the amount of ground investigation and types of tests to be undertaken. BS EN 1997-2 (BSI 2024b) includes fundamental requirements on ground investigation and evaluation of ground properties. Qualifications for different consequence classes and consequences of failure of the new code are summarised. Modal and partial factors for the verification of ultimate resistance of single piles are presented. Illustrative examples of specific features to select GCC 1 is given. Ground model method and model pile method are introduced. Discussion of buckling and second order effects is added.