Representation of Craniofacial Differences With a Focus on Cleft Lip and Palate in Children's Books
Naomi N. Ghahrai, Kayla Tran, Lauren Rausch, Virginia Bailey, Michele Ryan, Christopher CampbellObjective
To characterize bibliotherapy resources addressing cleft lip and/or palate and craniofacial differences.
Design
Exploratory review.
Setting
Publisher websites, online retailers, and advocacy organization resources.
Participants
Commercially available English-language children's books featuring cleft lip and/or palate or craniofacial differences.
Interventions
None.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Publication trends, target reading age, cost, eBook availability, author background, and representation of racial and ethnic diversity.
Results
Forty-seven books met inclusion criteria. The first craniofacial-focused title appeared in 2001 and the first cleft-specific book in 2013. Target reading age was commonly unspecified (42.6%, 20/47), followed by middle/high school age (29.8%, 14/47), early school age (25.5%, 12/47), and early childhood (2.1%, 1/47). The majority were authored by nonhealthcare professionals (78.7%, 37/47). Representation of children with skin of color was limited (23.4%, 11/47).
Conclusions
Pediatric bibliotherapy resources for cleft and craniofacial conditions are increasing but demonstrate gaps in early childhood targeting, diversity, and clinician authorship.