Removal of Astrazon Dyes From Carpet Industry Effluents by Moroccan Clays as Low‐Cost Adsorbents

ABSTRACT

Effluents from the carpet industry are frequently contaminated with Astrazon dyes due to their high durability and light resistance. This study evaluates two natural Moroccan clays—ClayF (Fez) and ClayO (Ourika)—as low‐cost and sustainable adsorbents for removing three Astrazon dyes: Red GTLN 200% Micro (ARed), Yellow 7GLL 200% (AYellow), and Blue BG 200% Micro (ABlue). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at natural pH and room temperature using dye solutions with varying concentrations to assess adsorption kinetics and equilibrium. ClayF exhibited superior adsorption performance for all dyes. Kinetic analysis using pseudo‐first‐order (PFO), pseudo‐second‐order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models showed that the PSO model best described the data, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model (R ² > 0.99), suggesting monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities were 128.5 mg/g for AYellow, 97.3 mg/g for ABlue, and 72.6 mg/g for ARed. These findings demonstrate that raw Moroccan clays are effective, low‐cost, and environmentally sustainable adsorbents for the removal of Astrazon dyes from aqueous solutions, offering a promising approach for treating carpet industry effluents.