Remote Support Solutions for Female Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Modified Delphi Study to Explore Priorities for Services

The COVID-19 pandemic intensified domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and limited access to face-to-face support, creating urgent challenges for survivors and services. This study explored stakeholder priorities for remote DVA support using a modified Delphi approach with 35 UK participants, including expert survivors, service providers, and commissioners. Findings highlighted increased isolation, stigma, and mental health impacts, alongside varied experiences of remote provision. Stakeholders emphasized safety-by-design, accessibility, and survivor-led decision-making as essential features of remote support. The study recommends blended, trauma-informed models that integrate digital and personal-contact options to enhance responsiveness, safety, and equity in DVA service delivery.