Relationship of pregnancy with periodontitis in rural population

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy is a physiological condition marked by significant hormonal, vascular, and immunological changes that can influence oral health, particularly the periodontium. Increased estrogen and progesterone levels during pregnancy increase gingival inflammation and alter the body’s response to dental plaque, predisposing women to periodontal diseases. Periodontitis, preterm birth, low birth weight, and other negative pregnancy outcomes have been linked to a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissues that support teeth. In rural populations, these risks are often amplified due to limited access to dental care, low oral health awareness, inadequate hygiene practices, and poor socioeconomic conditions. The lack of integration between dental and maternal healthcare services further contributes to the burden of oral diseases among pregnant women. Understanding the bidirectional relationship between pregnancy and periodontitis is essential for promoting preventive strategies and early interventions. Community-based oral health education and regular periodontal assessments during antenatal visits can be involved in improving effects on mother and fetus. This review emphasizes the importance of incorporating oral health into routine prenatal care, particularly in rural settings where awareness and accessibility remain major challenges.