DOI: 10.11648/j.ajset.20261104.19 ISSN: 2578-8353

Relationship Between Blood Lead Level (BLL) and Haematological Parameters of People Living in and Around a Closed Lead Mine Area in Odisha, India

Jeeban Nanda, Swastik Behera, Prafulla Rout
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It has been demonstrated that lead, a persistent environmental toxin, negatively impacts the immunological and hematopoietic systems. In this study, populations residing in and around a closed lead mine area in Sargipalli, Sundargarh district, Odisha, India, are examined for the relationship between haematological parameters and blood lead levels (PbB). Blood samples from individuals of all ages and genders were collected from five communities within a five-kilometre radius of the abandoned mine site. In compliance with standard protocols, blood lead concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Haematological parameters examined were haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total red blood cell (RBC) count, total white blood cell (WBC) count, and differential leukocyte count. The majority of haematological variables and PbB levels were shown to be significantly correlated by statistical analysis. While haemoglobin concentration, MCH, and hemocrit dramatically dropped as blood lead concentration grew, total RBC and WBC counts, ESR, and cytotoxicity percentage all increased dose-dependently. Differential leukocyte analysis revealed neutropenia along with monocytosis, basophilia, and eosinophilia, indicating immunological dysregulation. The results show that long-term exposure to ambient lead significantly changes haematological profiles and impairs immune function in exposed populations. Therefore, in communities affected by mining, blood lead levels provide a trustworthy biomarker for evaluating lead-induced haematotoxicity and related health hazards.

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