Recyclable Zinc Ion Structural Supercapacitor Enabled by Porous Vitrimer

Abstract

Structural electrochemical cells combine load-bearing and energy storage functions to meet growing energy demands in portable systems. However, these integrated composites are difficult to disassemble at the end of life. To attain sustainability, this work engineers vitrimers to create a solid-state electrolyte that delivers mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity, and recyclability for structural energy storage devices. The structural zinc ion supercapacitors achieve a high flexural modulus of 13.9 GPa and a specific energy of 3.57 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 18 W kg−1. Integrated into a glider’s wings, the multifunctional device powers the onboard motor to extend the flight distance. The composite structure is recyclable through a room-temperature reaction, enabling recovery and reuse of the carbon-fiber cathode. The reclaimed materials are remade into new cells to further extend material lifetime, sustaining over 172,000 redox cycles and demonstrating a promising route towards circular, durable energy storage structures.