Recent Research on Biosensors for Biomarker Detection Related to Neurological Disorders Utilizing Surface Engineering Strategies

Surface engineering strategies have been widely used in various technological fields. Particularly, they have been widely utilized in the biosensing field, to improve interfacial properties and facilitate molecular recognition. Among the various targets of biosensors, in recent years are neurological disorders, which have become a major health challenge globally, increasing the demand for accurate and early detection of neural biomarkers. Despite significant advances in biosensors for the detection of neural biomarkers, traditional biosensors often suffer from low sensitivity and selectivity for the precise detection of neural biomarkers. In this regard, surface engineering strategies hold huge potential and utility to address above issues of biosensors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of surface engineering strategies and their impact on neural biosensing is essential for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. In this review, we present recent advances in the development of biosensors for neural biomarker detection that incorporate surface engineering strategies. We first discuss surface engineering strategies applicable in biosensors and their underlying mechanisms. Next, recent surface-engineered biosensors for neural biomarker detection are discussed, configured according to the environmental conditions of biomarkers. We anticipate that this review will provide valuable insights into the development of novel biosensors for the early diagnosis of neurological disorders.