Recent Developments in Nucleoside‐Based Supramolecular Hydrogels: Potential Methods for Environmental Remediation

ABSTRACT

Environmental pollution caused by industrialization and urbanization has led to the uncontrolled release of hazardous contaminants, becoming a major global concern and prompting the development of efficient, sustainable, and eco‐friendly remediation technologies. Among various advanced materials, supramolecular hydrogels (SHGs) have emerged as highly promising platforms for environmental remediation due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high water‐absorption capacity, biodegradability, tunable porous structures, stimulus responsiveness, self‐healing property, and ease of functionalization. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the fundamental mechanism underlying SHG formation. Particular emphasis has been placed on nucleoside‐derived SHGs owing to their remarkable self‐assembly characteristics, high adsorption efficiency, and tunable structural properties. The review also highlights recent advances in SHGs for the removal of environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and other persistent contaminants. The advantages of SHGs over conventional environmental remediation materials have also been discussed with respect to sustainability, regeneration, selectivity, and multifunctionality.