Recent Advances in PLD-Fabricated Halide Perovskite Devices

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) combine strong optical absorption, composition-tunable bandgaps, and efficient charge transport, yet their performance and operational stability remain acutely sensitive to the quality of constituent films and buried interfaces. Solution processing remains dominant, but solvent-mediated crystallization complicates reproducibility, large-area uniformity, and sequential multilayer fabrication. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) offers a solvent-free vacuum route with controllable thickness, broad materials compatibility, and access to metastable compositions and heterostructures. This Review critically assesses the use of PLD for the deposition of hybrid and all-inorganic perovskite absorbers, electron- and hole-transport layers, buffer and protective layers, and transparent conductive electrodes. It connects target composition and density, laser fluence and repetition rate, background atmosphere, and substrate conditions to plume dynamics, compositional transfer, nucleation, defects, and interface formation. Particular emphasis is placed on volatile-component compensation, dense-target engineering, doping, and low-damage deposition. Persistent limitations—including particulate generation, composition drift, directional plumes, modest throughput, capital intensity, and incompatible process windows across multilayer stacks—are evaluated alongside opportunities in in situ diagnostics, multi-target operation, hybrid vacuum workflows, and scalable device integration.