Recent Advances in LDH‐Based Sorbents for Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACT

Adsorption is an efficient and environmentally benign technique for wastewater treatment. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are low‐cost materials with high adsorption capacities for a wide array of pollutants. This review comprehensively summarizes recent studies on the adsorption of dyes, metal ions, inorganic anions, and organic contaminants using LDH‐based materials. The effects of preparation methods, cation molar ratios, and calcination temperatures on LDH performance are thoroughly examined. Besides, the influence of operational parameters such as pH, co‐existing ions, and sorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency is discussed in depth. Strategies for enhancing the sorption capacity and stability of LDHs are discussed in detail. A critical comparative analysis with other adsorbent classes, including metal oxides, activated carbon, biochar, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, and graphene‐based materials, is presented to highlight the unique advantages and limitations of LDH‐based sorbents. The review also addresses critical challenges including structural degradation, metal leaching, regeneration economics, and scale‐up barriers. This review aims to provide valuable insights for the design and development of cost‐effective LDH‐based sorbents with high adsorption efficiency and long‐term stability.