Rapid In-Field Diagnostics: Horizon Scanning and Technology Readiness Level Study With a Technology Pilot study.

This project aimed to identify promising technologies for on-site testing of food-borne pathogens, driven by the need for timely information to support decision making. On-site testing can encompass a range of settings, from challenging field conditions with limited facilities to basic laboratory setups, such as those at points of entry such as air and seaports. A broad literature search was conducted to identify on-site testing technologies being developed, across the food sector, as well as in human health, environment monitoring, and agriculture. The maturity level of each technology was assessed in relation to the pathogens and matrices targeted in this study. Findings indicate that most technologies have been applied to a targeted pathogen or sample type along with an assessment of their accuracy in detecting the intended target, with limited publicly available evidence on performance using real samples or on usability by end users under on site conditions.

An end-user study was conducted involving interviews and focus groups with stakeholders to understand their expectations regarding the speed, price, ease of use and performance of these technologies. Based on the literature search and end-user study, two technologies and their respective deployment scenarios were selected for a pilot study with end-users. These included a portable real-time PCR for monitoring Escherichia coli in irrigation water and LAMP for detection of Salmonella in high-risk foods not of animal origin at ports.

The technologies were validated in the laboratory, followed by training of end-users who subsequently independently performed the testing and provided feedback. Laboratory validation indicated both tests had good specificity, only picking up the intended pathogen, but that improvements in sensitivity may be needed as low level of the pathogens could not be detected. The portable real-time PCR could be a practical investment for large growers or agronomists, while small farmers may employ it as a service offered by agronomists. Testing at ports may require infrastructure changes and additional staff. Overall, end-users emphasised the importance of test accuracy and the ability to make decisions based on test results. Currently these technologies are best considered as tools to aid risk management and situational decision making in specific operational contexts, rather than as standalone solutions for preventive control.