Radiographic Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism Using Maxillary Occlusal Measurements and Mandibular Ramus Flexure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Vikas Patial, R Guru Prasad, Shruti Pathania, Deepak GurungBackground:
Radiographic analysis using various metric parameters has proven to be a reliable and dependable method for identifying sexual dimorphism in gender determination.
Aim:
To assess sexual dimorphism by morphometric analysis using occlusal radiographs and mandibular flexure by panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods:
The study included adults visiting the outpatient department of tertiary institute aged 20 to 60 years that underwent radiographic examination for diagnostic and treatment purposes. The maxillary occlusal and panoramic radiograph image was coded, randomized, viewed and traced for relevant linear and angular metric parameters. The mandibular ramus flexure on panoramic radiograph was assessed based on the angulation and scores of +1 or +2 identified as male and scores of −1 or −2 identified as female.
Results:
All the linear measurements in occlusal radiograph had statistical significant difference in males than females. Similarly, the angular measurement in occlusal radiograph of “CIA” RT (Canine Intersect A point, Right) and “PIB” RT (Premolar Intersect B point, Right) had statistical significant differences between male and female. Twenty-nine OPG of female patients was proved correct with 58% accuracy rate whereas thirty nine OPG of male patients was proved correct with 78% accuracy rate with an overall total accuracy rate of 68%.
Conclusion:
OPG and Occlusal radiographs both demonstrated higher predictive value for males than females based on forensic remain and setting available for gender identification. Its application further depends on the feasibility as occlusal radiographs are simple and cost-effective compared to OPG requiring investment and equipment.