Quantum regression theorem in the Unruh–DeWitt battery

Abstract

In this paper, we employ the quantum regression theorem , a powerful tool in the study of open quantum systems, to analytically study the correlation functions of an Unruh–DeWitt detector , which is an uniformly accelerated two-level quantum system, absorbing charges from an external classical coherent pulse. The system can thus be viewed as a relativistic quantum battery that interacts with the environment of its perceived particles, namely, the quanta of a massless scalar field. By considering the relativistic battery moving in Rindler spacetime , under Born–Markov approximation , we derive the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad master equation governing the evolution of the system’s reduced density matrix. Moreover, we perform the Fourier transformation of the Wightman functions and use exponential regularization to compute the functional forms appearing in the master equation. Next, we derive the evolution equations for the single-time expectation values of the system’s operators. We not only solve these equations to find out the single time averages, but also employ the quantum regression theorem to determine the two-time correlation functions of first and second order. We analyze them to explain the phenomenon of spontaneous emission and show analytically how the acceleration can enhance the associated dissipation. Furthermore, we address a special form of the second-order correlation function relevant to the context of photon bunching arising in Bose–Einstein statistics. We analyzed the results both analytically and graphically. We have also discussed about the performance of the battery using the results of the correlation functions obtained using the quantum regression theorem. Finally, we derive the spontaneous emission spectrum of the battery detector analytically, which in the long-time limit displays a well-defined Lorentzian line shape in the high frequency regime.