Quality Traits of Greenhouse Tomatoes Under Sensor-Based Environmental Monitoring

Sensor-based environmental monitoring provides the real-time measurements required to support quality-oriented management in greenhouse tomato production. Although sensing does not directly alter fruit physiology, sensor-derived information can guide targeted interventions in temperature, light, relative humidity, irrigation, and nutrient management, thereby maintaining or imposing environmental conditions that influence fruit quality. This review examines the effects of these environmental conditions on tomato bioactive compounds and other quality traits and evaluates how sensor networks, AI-assisted analytics, decision-support tools, and automated control systems can support nutritional and functional quality-oriented greenhouse management. Particular emphasis is placed on functional quality traits, including lycopene and other carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and antioxidant capacity, alongside conventional physical and sensory attributes. The effects of key microclimate factors, including temperature, light intensity and spectral composition, relative humidity, and irrigation, are critically discussed, together with the role of sensing and control systems in maintaining conditions associated with desirable quality responses. The review also highlights advances in integrated sensing systems, data analytics, and decision-support tools that enable quality-oriented and functionality-driven greenhouse management. Remaining challenges, including variability in functional responses and limited integration of consumer-relevant health metrics, are identified. Overall, the integration of sensor-derived information with targeted management and control actions may facilitate greenhouse production strategies that explicitly prioritize nutritional, functional, physical, and sensory quality.