Quality of information about fibromyalgia in Brazilian websites: A two-phase quantitative study
Ana I. da Silva Ferreira, Juliana Fernandes, Gabriela da Silva Santos, Andrea T. Dantas, Etiene O. da Silva Fittipaldi, Angélica da Silva TenórioBackground:
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that requires continuous self-management, leading many patients to seek health information online. However, concerns remain regarding the quality and reliability of digital health content, as unverified information significantly increases the risk of misinformation.
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of information about fibromyalgia on Brazilian websites and to investigate patients’ perceptions and use of this content.
Methods:
A two-phase quantitative study was conducted. In the first phase, 20 Brazilian websites were independently assessed by two trained researchers using the DISCERN instrument. In the second phase, 305 individuals with fibromyalgia completed an online survey addressing Internet use and perceptions of quality of online information.
Results:
Most websites were classified as having moderate (45%) or low (40%) quality, with moderate inter-rater reliability. Gaps were identified in source transparency, risk communication and support for shared decision-making. Among respondents, 75% reported using websites to search for fibromyalgia treatment information. Higher educational levels were significantly associated with greater health literacy.
Conclusion:
Although the Internet plays a central role in providing health information for individuals with fibromyalgia, the overall quality of available content remains suboptimal. From a health education perspective, these findings highlight the need to develop accessible, evidence-based and user-centred digital resources, as well as to promote digital health literacy. Strengthening the quality of online information and aligning educational strategies with the platforms most used by patients may contribute to more informed decision-making and improved self-management of chronic conditions.