Pyridones and macrocyclic pyrrolidones from marine fungal PKS–NRPS hybrids: biosynthetic origin, bioactivities, and synthetic advances

Marine fungal PKS–NRPS pathways and divergent tailoring generate diverse pyridone and macrocyclic pyrrolidone scaffolds. Linking strain ecology, biosynthesis, bioactivity, structure–activity relationships and synthesis supports predictive discovery.