Pulling back the curtain on the consensus process: A case study of a modified-hybrid Delphi process

Pulling Back the Curtain on the Consensus Process: A case study of a modified-hybrid Delphi process. Gaining consensus among experts is vital for developing guidelines, standards, and curriculum. The Delphi process and Nominal Group Technique (NGT) are commonly employed, with hybrid models emerging. This paper explores group dynamics during a modified-hybrid Delphi process. This study explores the presence, interplay and impact of group dynamics of a modified-hybrid Delphi consensus building process by examining facilitators’ perceptions and observations during the in-person (NGT) phase with expert panelists. A qualitative single-case study design was employed, utilizing observation notes, audio recordings and post-event facilitator reflections. By applying both inductive and deductive coding, a deeper understanding of the rarely examined aspects of group dynamics in the consensus process was achieved. Analysis revealed two themes: “Gaining Momentum” and “Sharing Perspectives.” Under “Gaining Momentum,” three observations included the development of shared understanding, perspective-taking, and a decreasing time to consensus. “Sharing Perspectives” highlighted concerns about hierarchy, the absence of dominant individuals, and the accommodation of diverse perspectives without succumbing to Groupthink. Key insights included thorough preparation to manage potential group dynamics during the NGT including facilitator training and a participant package to foster shared understanding for process and content. Despite minor issues considering hierarchies, the in-person (NGT) phase supported consensus building while effectively mitigating negative group dynamic issues. This study expands our understanding of group dynamics in consensus building during an NGT phase of a modified-hybrid Delphi process, offering valuable insights and practical recommendations preparing for and implementing successful in-person sessions.