Public perceptions and practices of ophthalmic self-medication in Bhopal, Central India: A community-based cross-sectional study
Mihika Dube, Neeraj Pawar, Vasudha Damle, Prakashchand AgrawalAbstract
Introduction:
Self-medication in ophthalmology involves the use of eye-related medicines without consulting a healthcare professional. While self-medication is common globally, its misuse can lead to serious complications such as drug resistance and adverse side effects, particularly in the context of ophthalmic conditions. There is limited literature on ophthalmic self-medication in Central India. This study, therefore, aims to assess the prevalence, patterns, and factors associated with self-medication in ophthalmology in a city in Central India.
Material and Methods:
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhopal city, Central India, from August 2022 to March 2023, involving 398 participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic details, prevalence of self-medication, and participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward self-medication practices in ophthalmology. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests, with
Results:
The prevalence of self-medication was 39.2%, with a higher prevalence among men (41%) compared to women (36%). Self-medication was less prevalent among those with higher education and professional occupations. Participants who were aware of the side effects of steroids and antibiotic resistance were less likely to practice self-medication. The most common symptoms leading to self-medication were itching, followed by redness and watering of the eyes.
Conclusion:
Self-medication in ophthalmology is prevalent, particularly among those with lower education and occupational status. Awareness of medication side effects and drug resistance appears to reduce self-medication practices. Targeted educational interventions are needed to promote safer ophthalmic health practices.