Public cancer literacy in Europe: cross-country analysis of screening and sexual health information

Background

Access to clear, reliable and user-oriented information is essential for supporting cancer prevention, early detection and improving cancer literacy among the general population, especially for underserved groups. This study aims to analyse the availability and characteristics of cancer-related information, focusing on cancer screening programs and communication on sexuality and intimacy in cancer care.

Methods

A structured desk search of publicly available online sources was conducted across participating European countries—Finland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Romania—within the CAREWAY project (Erasmus+). Publicly available resources related to cancer screening programmes and communication on sexuality and intimacy were systematically identified and analysed, focusing on content, target audiences and accessibility.

Results

A substantial volume of information on cancer screening programmes was identified across countries. However, the findings indicate that information is often fragmented, predominantly text-based and not consistently adapted to the needs of diverse population groups. Information on the full screening pathway is rarely presented in a coherent, user-oriented format. Communication addressing sexuality and intimacy in cancer care remains limited, with few nationally coordinated or publicly visible resources available for citizens, patients or healthcare professionals.

Conclusions

The identified gaps may reduce the accessibility and usability of cancer-related information and create barriers to informed decision-making and engagement with screening programmes. The findings highlight the need for more integrated, inclusive and patient-centred communication strategies and aim to inform the development of practical tools to support cancer literacy and improve access to information.

Key messages

• Publicly available cancer information in Europe remains fragmented and insufficiently adapted to diverse population needs, which may limit access and informed engagement with screening programmes.

• Strengthening integrated, user-centred and inclusive communication is essential to improve cancer literacy and ensure equitable access to cancer care, particularly for underserved populations.