Psychological approaches to the ‘Dual-System Model’ in SLA

Abstract

This chapter critically examines the application of dual-system models in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) by drawing parallels with the dual-process framework from cognitive psychology. While the implicit/explicit knowledge distinction has played a key role in SLA theory and practice, recent critiques of dual-system models in psychology — such as logical inconsistencies, oversimplification, and the switch problem — emphasize the need for a deeper reevaluation of SLA’s theoretical underpinnings. By distinguishing between instrumental and substantial views, this study argues that if the goal is to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying conscious and unconscious knowledge, the focus should shift from a functional categorization of knowledge (implicit/explicit) to the underlying mechanisms themselves. This approach highlights the limitations of existing models, such as Skill-Acquisition Theory (SAT) in SLA, and advocates for integrating personal and subpersonal levels of explanation to address long-standing questions in SLA. The chapter concludes that a more flexible and context-sensitive integration of dual perspectives is essential for advancing theoretical development and practical applications in SLA research.