Proto‐Panic Modulation by Caffeine‐Proteinoid Complexes

ABSTRACT

Anxiety disorders represent a major global health concern. Current pharmacological treatments are often associated with undesirable side effects and a risk of dependence. This study investigates the potential of novel caffeine–proteinoid complexes for controlled anxiolytic drug delivery via thermal polymerization at . Encapsulation efficiencies ranged from at 25% w/w loading to at 5% w/w. The resulting microspheres were spherical (2–15 μm), with wrinkled surface morphologies. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed compartmentalized drug loading through hollow cavities and crystalline caffeine deposits. The system exhibited triphasic release kinetics: an initial burst phase (0–2 h, 18%–38% release), a sustained swelling–diffusion phase (2–12 h), and a prolonged degradation phase ( 12 h), with cumulative release reaching 85%–92% over 72 h. Weibull analysis gave shape parameters of 0.455–0.626, indicating Fickian diffusion through a disordered matrix. Electrochemical monitoring revealed oscillation periods from 1479 to seconds, consistent with damped harmonic and chaotic dynamics. Signal amplitudes varied from to . Boolean operations applied to binarised signals gave entropy values from to bits, quantifying the temporal structure of release events. Self‐replicating budding behavior may further extend therapeutic duration. These findings establish caffeine–proteinoid microspheres as a sustained‐release platform. Emergent electrochemical oscillations offer a route to non‐invasive release monitoring. Therapeutic application to anxiety requires biological validation.