Proposed Interactions and Crosstalk Among Biological Aging Biomarkers (Telomere Length, Telomerase, Sirtuins, mtDNA Copy Number and mtDNA Methylation Levels) and Their Potential Role in Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Review

There is a rapid increase in early onset CRC worldwide. This incidence is profoundly influenced by biological aging in the colon, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. This review critically evaluates evidence supporting proposed interactions among telomere dynamics, sirtuins, and mitochondrial biomarkers during colon aging and as CRC risk predictors, while highlighting areas where mechanistic validation remains limited. This insight paves the way for novel early-detection biomarkers, personalized preventive approaches, and treatments designed to directly interfere with aging mechanisms and CRC risk.