Promoting Proper Recycling Behavior to Increase Domestic Recycling Rates in Singapore

Singapore has set ambitious targets under the Green Plan 2030 and Zero Waste Masterplan to increase recycling rates and reduce waste. Singapore’s National Recycling Programme and national educational campaigns have laid the foundation to enhance recycling accessibility and cultivate responsible recycling behavior. However, Singapore’s domestic recycling rate remains at 11%, which then presents an opportunity for improvement. Based on published research on understanding recycling behavior in Singapore as well as analyzing international policy cases, we found that addressing the human dimensions of recycling can encourage proper practices and collective action. To improve sustainability and reach national goals, this paper suggests a three-pronged approach: fostering shared responsibility through mandatory policies like household source separation and Extended Producer Responsibility; cultivating a stronger culture of recycling and upcycling with comprehensive educational campaigns; and reframing recycling as beneficial and convenient rather than a burdensome chore. Together, these three takeaways will enable Singapore to achieve its sustainability goals and position itself as a leading figure in sustainable waste management.