Promoting healing of Acinetobacter baumannii infected cutaneous wounds under hyperglycaemic condition via antibacterial and haemolytic Ag-Collagen/Al ₂

Chronic diabetic wounds pose a persistent clinical problem due to ongoing infections and impaired lifestyle. Traditional silver-based therapies are often constrained by cytotoxicity and variable healing outcomes, underscoring the need for safer, more efficacious wound care approaches. This study emphasizes the design and assessment of a multifunctional Ag-Collagen/Al ₂ O ₃ /Cellulose nanodressing, particularly for diabetic wound therapy. The Ag–Collagen nanocomposites were incorporated into an Al ₂ O ₃ -reinforced Cellulose scaffold to serve as an adsorbent, a biocompatible substrate, a mechanical stabilizer, and a prolonged antibacterial efficacy, achieving >90% biofilm inhibition against Acinetobacter baumannii . Transcriptomic analysis (log ₂ fold change ≥ 1, p ≤ 0.05) revealed significant dysregulation of genes involved in metabolic pathways, membrane integrity, stress response, and virulence, suggesting that nanodressing induces oxidative and metal stress while concurrently disrupting vital cellular functions. These molecular modifications indicate diminished bacterial adaptability and reduced resistance. The nanodressing exhibited significant cytocompatibility with RAW 264.7 and 3T3 cells, as well as superior hemocompatibility, indicated by red blood cell lysis remaining below 5%. In vivo wound-healing investigations in normal and diabetic murine models demonstrated excellent infection control and expedited wound closure, achieving 90%–95% closure within 21 days. The Ag–Collagen/Al ₂ O ₃ /Cellulose nanodressing is a biocompatible antibacterial platform for multidrug-resistant diabetic wounds.