Promoting Compassionate and Intentional Interactions Using the Awareness, Acceptance and Action Model (AAAM) in a Northern Ireland Context

Introduction: The Awareness/Acceptance/Action Model (AAAM) was initially developed by one of the authors to explore stigma and prejudice towards people living with HIV/AIDS. In the present study, the AAAM was examined for its personal and professional relevance to people affected by the Troubles, 30 years of sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland. When unchecked, judgmental or reactive attitudes can undermine intentions to consistently deliver services in line with professional standards and human rights. Methods: Despite a devolved, power-sharing government and steps to address longstanding political and religious grievances, cultural sensitivities and animosity remain on both sides of the divide. A university in Northern Ireland recruited 11 practice teachers and 18 social work students, who participated in one of four focus groups. Mindfulness principles and techniques were used to allow participants to visualise “the other” before exploring how prejudice might impact personal and professional interactions. Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was conducted using Braun and Clarke to assess the presence and nature of labelling, stereotyping, out-grouping and discriminating against people perceived as “the other”. Findings: Given the potential differences in identity, background, and experiences of social work practitioners and service users, it is important that we critically reflect on how we serve people based on direct or intergenerationally transmitted encounters. The AAAM was then piloted in undergraduate social work degree programmes and shared with practice teachers. Feedback confirmed that it offers a theoretical framework to promote anti-oppressive practice and critical reflection during professional social work training. Using Mindfulness techniques to visualise “the other” prompted participants to listen well and look deeply at the origins of their prejudices or fear, and how these could lead to biased interactions with service users.