Prolonged Storage-induced Changes in Hematological Parameters: A Comparative Evaluation at Room Temperature and Refrigeration Conditions
G. S. Muthu Suganthini, Poovizhi Inbasekaran, Gowri Sankar Ramalingam, S. Preethi, Thamilselvi Ramachandran, K. Kaviya PriyadarshiniAbstract
Background:
Accurate measurement of hematological parameters is fundamental to clinical diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and disease management. However, delays in sample processing and improper storage conditions may compromise the stability of blood cells, leading to erroneous laboratory results. The extent to which prolonged storage affects red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets under varying temperature conditions remains clinically significant.
Objective:
The objective is to evaluate the impact of prolonged storage at room temperature (22°C–25°C) and refrigeration (4°C) on hematological parameters and to determine optimal storage conditions for reliable laboratory analysis.
Materials and Methods:
This observational analytical study included 50 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated whole blood samples collected from healthy donors. Each sample was divided into two aliquots: one stored at room temperature (22°C–25°C) and the other refrigerated at 4°C. Hematological parameters, including RBC, WBC, and platelet counts, were measured using an automated hematology analyzer at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postcollection. Peripheral smear examination was performed to assess morphological changes. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate significant deviations over time.
Results:
RBC parameters remained relatively stable up to 24 h under both storage conditions; however, mild hemolysis and morphological alterations were observed at 48 h, particularly in samples stored at room temperature. WBC counts demonstrated progressive decline, with neutrophils showing a significant reduction after 12 h at room temperature. Platelet counts exhibited moderate variability, with evidence of aggregation affecting accuracy beyond 24 h. Refrigerated samples showed improved preservation of cellular integrity across all parameters.
Conclusion:
Prolonged storage at room temperature significantly alters WBC and platelet parameters, while RBCs exhibit comparatively greater stability. Refrigeration at 4°C effectively delays cellular degradation and preserves hematological integrity. For optimal diagnostic accuracy, blood samples should ideally be analyzed within 12–24 h of collection, and refrigeration is strongly recommended when processing delays are unavoidable.