Problems in organizing dispensary follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to stand as one of the prominent chronic diseases globally, marked by a rising incidence and significant mortality rates, which impose a considerable burden on healthcare systems. Although national initiatives have been instituted, challenges related to the early detection and quality of dispensary follow-up remain prevalent in Perm Krai. This situation calls for a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the current strategies aimed at preventing and managing the disease. Objective. The primary goal is to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of preventive activities for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the years 2022—2023, to identify key challenges, and to suggest potential solutions. Materials and methods. This study involved an analysis of official statistical data and reporting forms No. 131/o and No. 12, alongside a review of 500 outpatient medical records of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 records of patients who have died. The evaluation focused on detection rates, mortality rates, the quality of dispensary follow-up, and compliance with established regulatory standards. Results. The detection rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus during routine medical check-ups rose from 1.02 to 1.61 per 1.000 individuals examined between 2022 and 2023; however, this figure still trails behind the national average. The percentage of patients enrolled in dispensary follow-up increased from 85.5% to 90.3%, yet this remains below the overall national rate of 97.1%. Furthermore, the mortality rate saw a 27% increase, with a notable 28% rise among working-age individuals. Notably, the recommended frequency of patient visits was disregarded in all cases reviewed; 30% of records lacked biochemical test results, 20% did not include calculations for estimated glomerular filtration rate, and there was no documentation of foot examinations in all reviewed records. Conclusion. The identified deficiencies underscore the urgent need to enhance oversight of dispensary follow-up practices, improve staffing levels, and adopt contemporary methods for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Perm Krai.