Probiotic Encapsulation in Porous Starch: A Mini Review

ABSTRACT

Probiotics play a vital role in maintaining gut microbiota balance and supporting overall human health. However, environmental stresses, including fluctuations in temperature and product water activity ( a _w ) during storage, as well as in vivo digestive conditions, compromise their viability. In response to these challenges, a porous starch encapsulation matrix offers a viable solution by forming superficial pores that increase granular surface area and entrap bacteria, shielding them from adverse conditions and improving their functionality, stability, and delivery. Following this, studies have evaluated the efficacy of porous starch matrices for probiotic encapsulation. However, to our knowledge, no comprehensive review exists that describes the effects of porous starch matrices on probiotic viability whilst considering the criteria for selecting an appropriate wall material, key factors affecting porous starch as an encapsulation matrix, and, overall, the benefits of probiotic encapsulation in porous starch. Therefore, this review explores the use of porous starch to encapsulate and deliver probiotics within the gastrointestinal tract and how this approach may overcome barriers to probiotic viability. In conclusion, the findings suggest that encapsulating probiotics in porous starch may improve probiotic delivery and health benefits, offering a promising way to meet consumer demand for functional foods.