Probing Hawking temperature threshold via quantum depletion in Bose–Einstein condensate

Abstract

We investigate the correlation between quantum depletion and Hawking temperature in a ring-shaped Bose–Einstein condensate featuring an analog black hole-white hole horizon pair, using the Bogoliubov approach. The presence of horizons is found to enhance the quantum depletion compared to horizon-free configurations, indicating a correlation between depletion and horizon dynamics. Via tuning the Hawking temperature, we observe its effect on the depletion profile. Our results show that depletion increases with Hawking temperature, and beyond a certain threshold, backreaction effects emerge, challenging the validity of the Bogoliubov approximation. We identify a viable parameter regime where the system remains both theoretically controlled and experimentally accessible, offering insight into horizon-induced quantum fluctuations, with implications for future studies of backreaction.