Printability of 3D-Printed Concrete with Emphasis on Buildability: A Scientometric and Thematic Review

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis and thematic exploration of research trends in three-dimensional (3D) printed concrete (3DPC), with a particular focus on the interrelated concepts of buildability and printability. Following an overview of the background and significance of 3DPC in modern construction, the study emphasizes the critical roles of buildability and printability in determining the success and structural integrity of printed elements. Utilizing bibliometric data from Scopus, tools such as VOSviewer were employed to analyze publication trends, influential authors, institutions, and keyword patterns. The analysis reveals increasing research activity, with notable global collaboration and thematic evolution over time. Subsequent sections delve into the definitions, influencing factors, testing methodologies, and challenges associated with both buildability and printability. Recent advancements, experimental techniques, and real-world case studies are examined to highlight technological progress. The study further explores the synergies and trade-offs between buildability and printability, proposing integrated frameworks for material and process optimization. Finally, the paper identifies current research gaps and outlines future directions, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches and standardization. The findings aim to guide researchers and practitioners toward more efficient, reliable, and scalable 3DPC applications in the construction industry.