Primary squamous cell carcinoma in a nonfunctioning kidney: An incidental finding

Primary renal parenchymal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon condition with a poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of a male in his 70s who presented with a complaint of hematuria and left flank pain for 2 months. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen was done, which revealed left renal pelvic calculi with gross Hydronephrosis. Patient underwent left Nephrectomy for a nonfunctioning kidney. Histopathological examination of the left Nephrectomy specimen revealed primary SCC of the renal parenchyma, an incidental finding. Subsequently, it was confirmed by Immunohistochemistry (p40, CK 5/6). Following a radical nephrectomy, the patient didn’t receive any adjuvant chemotherapy and was alive for a year during follow-up. This case emphasizes the importance of considering a diagnosis of SCC in nephrectomy specimens from patients with chronic inflammation or renal calculi.