Prevalence and Demographic Determinants of Allergen Sensitisation in Iraqi Patients

BACKGROUND: Allergen sensitisation patterns vary geographically and are influenced by demographic factors. Updated data from Iraq remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern and demographic determinants of allergen sensitisation among patients undergoing skin prick testing at an Iraqi allergy centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 791 subjects aged 5–64 years who were referred to Al-Zahraa Centre for Consultation for allergy and asthma during 2023-2024. Saline dilutions of grass, mite, mould, tree and wood allergens were tested by allergy skin prick tests. Reactions were considered positive if the lab wheels had a diameter >3 mm. RESULTS: Overall, 73.6% of participants demonstrated sensitisation to at least one allergen. Grass (20.3%) and wood (19.8%) were the most common sensitising allergens. Sensitisation rates differed significantly across age groups (p < 0.001). Males had significantly higher odds of sensitisation compared to females (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.74–3.57, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Allergen sensitisation was highly prevalent in this clinic-based Iraqi cohort, with marked sex-age-related variation. These findings provide updated regional data that may assist clinicians in allergy evaluation and management.