Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Supernumerary Teeth in a Pediatric Clinical Population: A Retrospective Observational Study

Background/Objectives: Hyperdontia is a dental developmental anomaly frequently associated with clinical complications such as delayed eruption, diastemas, and root resorption. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a Portuguese pediatric clinical population. Methods: Analyzing orthopantomograms from 1992 patients across two university clinics between 2016 and 2026, demographic and clinical variables were evaluated. The inclusion criteria comprised high-quality, accessible radiographs obtained within the last 10 years from patients aged between 5 and 18 years at the time of the examination. Results: The overall prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 1.66%. The mesiodens was the most common type, exclusively maxillary, predominantly conical, and highly impacted (86.7%). A non-significant male predilection was observed. The overall mean age at diagnosis for mesiodens was 9.87 ± 3.98 years. Posterior anomalies presented negligible prevalence (≤0.4%). Conclusions: These findings show the mesiodens as the primary supernumerary tooth. The high impaction rate at diagnosis highlights the diagnostic value of panoramic radiography when clinically indicated, supporting timely identification and individualized treatment planning.