DOI: 10.12688/openresafrica.16802.1 ISSN: 2752-6925

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Internally Displaced Children in Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia: A Camp-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Ahmed Farah Darod, Ismail Mahamoud Yusuf, Yahye Abdalle Jamac²
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Background Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health concern among children living in displacement-affected settings, where overcrowding, unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to health services may increase transmission. This study assessed the prevalence, parasite distribution, and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among internally displaced children living in selected IDP camps in Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia. Methods A camp-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 219 internally displaced children in selected IDP camps in Bosaso. Sociodemographic and camp-related data were collected using a structured form. Fresh stool specimens were examined using direct wet mount microscopy with saline and iodine preparations. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and laboratory findings. Pearson’s chi-square test, crude odds ratios, and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Of the 219 children examined, 103 tested positive for intestinal parasites, giving an overall prevalence of 47.03%. Among positive cases, Giardia lamblia was the most frequently detected parasite (47.57%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (26.21%). Protozoal infections accounted for 73.79% of positive cases, while helminths accounted for 18.45% and mixed infections for 7.77%. The most common diagnostic form was cyst (53.40%). In multivariable logistic regression, children aged 10–14 years had significantly higher odds of infection compared with those aged 1–4 years (AOR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.33–16.77; p = 0.017). Sex and IDP camp of residence were not independently associated with infection. Conclusions Intestinal parasitic infections were common among internally displaced children in Bosaso, with protozoal infections predominating. Integrated parasite control strategies combining routine screening, appropriate treatment, safe water access, sanitation improvement, and hygiene promotion are needed in IDP camps.

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