Prediction of performance degradation and blade damage in a transonic compressor under thermally diverse environments based on flow-field modification

Aero-engine compressors operating in thermally diverse environments may ingest particles carrying different thermal energies, which can significantly alter aerodynamic performance and surface damage mechanisms. This study investigates the influence of particle temperature on performance degradation and blade erosion/adhesion in a transonic compressor using a coupled Eulerian–Eulerian–Lagrangian multiphase framework. Results show that increasing particle temperature markedly degrades compressor performance, with gas-based apparent isentropic efficiency and total pressure ratio decreasing by up to 41.5% and 8.98%, respectively. The degradation is driven by enhanced thermal–momentum coupling that intensifies tip-leakage vortex–shock interaction and promotes premature shock detachment. Particle temperature also strongly affects surface damage: erosion severity increases by up to 79.4%, while thermally induced flow restructuring shifts the balance between erosion and adhesion in the blade-tip region. These findings demonstrate that particle temperature is a critical parameter governing both aerothermal performance deterioration and erosion–adhesion behavior under thermally diverse operating conditions.