Predicting Acceptance Of Automated Buses In Jakarta

One of the global transportation problems is traffic congestions and accidents due to human error, and Jakarta is one of the cities where this problem occurs. This study investigates public acceptance of Automated Buses (ABs) as a transformative solution, extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) with the novel construct of Environmental Driving Compliance (EDC) to address Jakarta’s unique socio-technical challenges. Through a survey of 784 commuters and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the research identifies four key determinants of AB adoption: Perceived Personal and Social Value (PPSV), EDC, Trust in Policies (TP), and Risk Perception (RP). Results reveal PPSV as the strongest predictor (β = 0.754), followed by TP (β = 0.209) and EDC (β = 0.176), while RP negatively impacts adoption (β = -0.117). Moderation analysis highlights demographic and behavioural variations, with younger, tech-savvy, and higher-income individuals showing greater acceptance. The study underscores the need for targeted policies, including safety measures, public education, and equitable access, to facilitate AB integration in Jakarta’s complex urban environment.