Preclinical Evaluation of Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent Seed Oil for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. A Biochemical, Histopathological, and In Silico Insights

ABSTRACT

In order to find a safe, multi‐target substitute for AD treatment, this study examined the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities of Broussonetia papyrifera seed oil and its prepared ointment. D‐Limonene, butyl linoleate, and ethyl oleate were found to be important components by GC–MS, supporting the oil's strong antioxidant action (DPPH IC· ¹ : 64.90 µg/mL). According to network pharmacology and molecular docking, these substances modulate key pathways like NF‐kappa B, IL‐4, IL‐13, and TSLP by targeting inflammatory hubs like TLR4, IKBKB, and MAPK1/3. Ear thickness, serum IgE levels, and oxidative damage were among the clinical symptoms that were considerably ( p < 0.001) reduced by in vivo treatment with the improved formulation. Histological analysis successfully promoted tissue stabilization by demonstrating a resolution of acute pathology (such as spongiosis and significant dermal infiltration). The development of B. papyrifera as a promising, multi‐target topical therapy for the treatment of AD is strongly supported by this comprehensive evidence, which also justifies the plant's traditional use.