Precision Medicine in Dermatology: MEK Inhibition and MAPK Pathway Modulation for Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are pigmented skin lesions present at birth with a variable risk of developing into melanoma over time. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (MAPK) pathway plays a critical role in the development and progression of CMN, making it a key target for therapeutic interventions. Precision medicine aims to optimize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects by tailoring treatments to individuals’ genetic and molecular profiles. This literature review examines the potential of precision medicine in managing CMN, with a specific focus on MEK inhibition within the MAPK pathway, summarizing current preclinical and clinical evidence, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic integration with surgical management strategies. Although early results are promising, the need for personalized treatment strategies, informed by genetic testing and biomarker profiling, is emphasized to improve the management of CMN and reduce the risk of malignant transformation. Further research is necessary to establish the long-term safety and effectiveness of MEK inhibition in CMN therapy, which could offer a more targeted and individualized approach to care.