Practical recommendations for researchers engaging in on‐farm research

Abstract

Though on‐farm research is crucial for addressing agricultural needs, it presents challenges that can derail projects if not addressed. Unlike small plot or greenhouse studies, on‐farm research evaluates tradeoffs in real‐world systems, offers access to diverse environments, and relies on farmer–researcher collaboration. The resilience and productivity of our agricultural systems depend on continual experimentation and innovation, and successful on‐farm projects empower farmers to evaluate and adopt practices that support social, financial, and ecological well‐being. However, implementing research on working farms and coordinating among diverse viewpoints comes with significant complexities. In this paper, we identify four main challenges in on‐farm research: (1) Meeting the different needs and goals of farmers and researchers, (2) coordinating and accounting for time and resource needs, (3) maintaining clean data and experimental design, and (4) managing risks related to reputation, data sovereignty, power imbalances, biases, and accountability. We detail how these challenges can be addressed through thoughtful planning before, during, and after an on‐farm project and offer examples from our own work. For instance, farmers and researchers should make decisions collaboratively, include outcomes relevant to both parties, maintain flexibility, and set clear, reasonable expectations. Researchers should simplify experimental designs where possible, educate themselves on transdisciplinary research ethics, and hold regular meetings to address issues. This paper offers practical recommendations to help researchers avoid common pitfalls in order to promote successful farmer–researcher partnerships that advance agricultural adaptation for a resilient future.