Power System Flexibility in Market Conditions: Aggregation of EV Charging Station Powered by Renewable Sources

This paper considers power system flexibility in terms of a case study of electric vehicle charging stations powered by renewable sources. Aggregation of renewable energy sources and electric vehicle charging via remote terminals in market conditions is presented. The ability to aggregate a wide range of features into one system helps to optimize the use of several subsystems, including the ones that control electric vehicle chargers remotely, smart electricity meter remote control, and cash register remote control while receiving market information. Three scenarios of energy independence of the aggregator were analyzed: partial, optimal and maximum. The results show that all considered scenarios achieve a payback period of between 3.65 and 4.35 years, with the scenario of maximum energy independence providing the highest long-term profitability thanks to the increased export of electricity to the grid. The proposed approach contributes to a more efficient use of renewable resources and supports the economically sustainable decarbonization of the transport sector.