Abstract
Root and tuber crops, including cassava (
Manihot esculenta Crantz
), sweet potato (
Ipomoea batatas
L.), cocoyams (
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
and
Colocasia
spp.), yam (
Dioscorea
spp.) and potato (
Solanum
spp.), present substantial potential for tackling the issues of global food security, especially in light of population growth and climate change. These crops thrive in diverse ecological zones, demonstrating remarkable resilience to marginal soils and harsh climatic conditions. Their nutritional diversity, including carbohydrates, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, positions them as key contributors to alleviating malnutrition and improving diet quality, especially in low-income regions. Beyond nutrition, advancements in biotechnology, such as genetic improvements and fermentation processes, have enhanced productivity, as well as safety, and industrial applicability of root and tuber crops. Applications extend from traditional foods to industrial products like biofuels, biodegradable materials, and pharmaceuticals, supporting economic growth and sustainable production systems. Moreover, innovative waste management strategies transform processing residues into eco-friendly solutions like compost and animal feed, reducing environmental impacts. This review focuses on the ecological adaptability, nutritional values, and industrial versatility of these crops, including their role in fostering sustainable food systems and agricultural economies. By integrating these crops into food security strategies, nations can enhance resilience, address malnutrition, increase utilization, and promote food sustainability.