Potential for Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence Applications in Crisis Situations

Abstract

Vital signs monitoring is essential for detecting medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, and other physiological anomalies. It plays a critical role in civilian and military healthcare, offering the ability to analyse and predict adverse outcomes in diverse environments. This literature review explores recent advancements in contactless vital sign monitoring technologies, focusing on their applications, effectiveness, and integration in real-world medical scenarios. The review examines modern sensor technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in systems such as remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), thermal imaging, and radar-based monitoring. Emphasis is placed on machine learning-enhanced signal processing and the capacity of these technologies to operate without physical contact. Contactless systems enable real-time, long-term monitoring of patients without the need for direct human supervision. These systems have demonstrated significant potential in environments like emergency departments, mass casualty incidents, and home care, where they assist in patient sorting, early warning, and outcome prediction. When integrated with AI, these technologies reduce decision-making time, increase accuracy, and may prevent misdiagnosis. They are especially beneficial for solitary patients and overburdened healthcare workers. The integration of contactless vital sign monitoring systems with AI offers a promising future in healthcare. Such technologies can enhance clinical efficacy, improve patient safety, and potentially allow one healthcare professional to manage more patients effectively, raising effectiveness and economic productivity. As automation advances, these systems may become indispensable in reducing the workload and error rates associated with vital sign monitoring. Huge potential for use is possible in the Military Medicine and MASCAL-related environments, and further research is needed.