Posttransplant Malignancy

Posttransplant malignancy is a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality among organ transplant recipients, resulting from long-term immunosuppression, oncogenic viral infections, and existing risk factors. While virus-associated malignancies are disproportionately increased, nonviral cancers such as skin cancers and solid organ tumors constitute the majority of cases. The rate of occurrence differs based on the type of transplant, the immunosuppressive regimen utilized, and geographic considerations. Timely detection through regular monitoring, biomarkers, and imaging techniques is vital. As transplant survival rates rise, posttransplant malignancy is becoming an increasingly significant challenge. Customized immunosuppressive approaches, proactive screening, and progress in oncology therapies are crucial for enhancing patient outcomes. This review offers a contemporary overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, preventive and treatment approaches for posttransplant malignancy. It will also explore the role of adoptive immune therapy and factors affecting the waiting period for retransplantation after treatment.