Postpartum infectious and inflammatory diseases: from risk factors and classification to personalized prognosis and treatment

Modern methods for diagnosing and predicting infectious inflammations after childbirth demonstrate that infections can manifest in non-obvious and atypical forms. These manifestations often do not correspond to the expected severity of the inflammatory response, which may be associated with the widespread use of antibiotics, as well as with individual health factors of the woman, including her social status, presence of chronic diseases, threats of miscarriage during pregnancy, and complications arising during pregnancy and childbirth. Algorithmic approaches to prediction can effectively assess the risks of specific diseases and their consequences, which significantly improves the possibilities for disease prevention and control. The creation of personalized treatment strategies based on clinical data and analyses contributes not only to more targeted treatment but also reduces the cost of medical services. Infectious and inflammatory diseases (IIDs) in the postpartum period consistently rank from second to fourth among the leading causes of maternal mortality. Various studies show that their prevalence ranges from 13.3% to 54.3%. These diseases, such as endometritis — the most common form of postpartum IID — reduce women’s reproductive potential and contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory processes in the female genital organs. This gives them particular medical and social importance in the context of the demographic crisis.