Polyherbal Emulgel of Brassica nigra , Amomum subulatum , and Carum carvi for Burn Wound Healing

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal emulgel using extracts of Brassica nigra , Amomum subulatum , and Carum carvi . A total of 13 emulgel batches, F1‐F9 with a single extract, polyherbal formulations (F10‐F12) with all three extracts, and F13 with no extract were developed and tested for antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and hemolysis activities. Extract phytoconstituents were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), including 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and 4‐ethenyl‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol in B. nigra , α‐terpineol and eucalyptol in A. subulatum , and carvone, limonene, and α‐bisabolol in C. carvi . Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities were evaluated using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging and protein‐denaturation assays, respectively. Hemolysis testing showed 1.45%, 2.76%, and 4.87% hemolysis for F10, F11, and F12, respectively, supporting preliminary hemocompatibility. In the rabbit burn model, F10 and F11 achieved complete wound closure by day 13, and F12 by day 11, compared with the positive control (day 17) and negative control (day 24). Histopathology of F12‐treated wounds showed restoration of epidermal architecture with distinct strata and organized collagen fibers. Polyherbal emulgel F12, containing 300 μL of each extract ( Brassica nigra , Amomum subulatum , and Carum carvi ), showed the strongest overall burn‐wound‐healing performance among the tested formulations.